Information technology - just as it now helps corrup
corporations Levi Strauss & So. jeans mass-produce and simultaneously support
losing their size, yield optimum combination of collective methods
corporate and individual instruction. Multimedia documents and easy-to -
use authoring tools enable teachers corrup
rektirovat curricula based on the interests of specific students. In education
split, as in the manufacture of blue jeans, it will be possible "massive
Woe to the adaptation of production ": computers will be finely adjusts pro
products in this case, manuals, training to sootvetstvo-
shaft abilities of students. This applies not only to pupils or students
surprisingly, the children just love the interactivity-play
they hide and seek with you, things from the remote controller, perek-
lyuchaya television channels, or click on the computer keyboard.
I always watch with pleasure as my three-year niece SG
troubles in Just Grandma and Me, "one child CD-ROM- version of the book, issued
freed company Broderbund. She remembers the dialogues in the cartoon and
talks with the characters about the same as it does when skaz-
ku her mother reads. If my niece takes the computer mouse and clicks
mailbox, he was called to and from the frog jumps, and sometimes
vysovyvaetsya hand, which again shut the door box. Possibility
to influence the actions screen heroes, find out: "As work, if I
schelknu here? "very inciting her curiosity. Interactivity in cooperation
Combined with a good, interesting story holds little attention to a decision
Child.
I have always believed that the majority of people much smarter and curious,
it may seem as if their work on modern information
tools that do not disclose these human qualities. Many
GMM familiar feeling of satisfaction when, asking some
topic find the excellent material and its thorough study
chit. But agree, if information retrieval bringing to a standstill, hands envelopes
simultaneously, then you start to think that has never been in this razbereshsya
subject. And when such a situation is repeated increasingly, in particular
with a child, the desire to try again gradually melts.
I was lucky enough to grow up in the home, where children are being encouraged to ask vop-
dew. Lucky me, and that my childhood friendship with Paul Allen.
This was once, immediately after our acquaintance, I asked him, where is taken
gasoline. I really want to know what that means, "purify" both gasoline and
It worked machines. I razdobyl book on the combustible fluids, but nothing in the
it is not understood. And Paul (cool it dealt not only in gasoline, but in the
many other things) has been able to effectively and interestly all me explain. Considered
tayte, that the flame of our friendship razgorelos of my interest in gasoline.
There have always been Paul muchivshie me answers to the questions (and the enormous collective
lecture science fiction). And Paul, I was stronger in mathematics and programming
Pequenos (among friends in the Paul I was not at all equal). So
that we have for each other interactive knowledge sources: sprashiva-
it answered painted patterns or told where to find the desired svede-
of. We like to challenge each other and to verify their knowledge.
That's what users will interact with the information small
gistralyu. Assume another teenager is not interested in gasoline
1970, but somewhere in the year 2000. He was not lucky, and he had no other such
ha, as Paul Allen, but if his school or library computer,
associated with rich deposits of "multimedia information, it could then
delved into its subject so deeply, as soon as desired. He sees photos
philosophy, videos and multroliki how to drain, transporting and
clean oil. He will know what is the difference between road and airport
ing fuel. And to see how different internal engine
combustion of turbine, it should only ask about it.
He will be able to explore the complex molecular structure of gasoline, which
hundred is a mixture of various hydrocarbons, and incidentally isolation
sort of hydrocarbons themselves. When stolkih-to links to sources of knowledge
tions - who knows what would withdraw its space this study? ..
At first, new information technology will make a small leap shazhok
Ed, compared with current tools. Incorporated into the wall vision
opaneli replace uneven lines and curves scheme for school boards clearly
co colorful fonts and graphics-illustrations millions training, photographer
Man, and cartoon videos. Multimedia documents partially
assume the functions of textbooks and teaching aids. Also involved
at its servers by the information superhighway, multimedia documents
will be updated continuously and automatically.
Existing drives allow today CD-ROM- of what
interactivity. The software responds to commands, printing out
the information in the form of text, sound and video. CD-ROM- already drives research
enjoy children in schools and homes, but these drives have a number of limitations,
which is not a highway. Now they are invited or slowly
it all (as in the encyclopedia), or all on the same topic (say, dino-
zavrah), but the total amount of available information at once strictly defined
ing capacity of the disk. And, of course, you can only work with
those discs, which you have. Nevertheless, this is a major achievement,
when compared with texts printed on paper.
Multimedia Encyclopedia provides not only knowledge but also the possibility of
paste of them in a homemade instruments, in addition, encyclopaedist
blood contain instructions for teachers: how best to use them in school
in the classroom, but as in-home assignments. I was deeply vzvol-
Leibniz to hear from teachers, students and school children about how they
working with our software, we have a lot-and not just pre -
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CD-ROM- drive is one of the predecessors information highway.
the World Wide Web to Internet-other. It provides access to interesting
inefficient educational information, it is true, the main part of it-simple
text. Staff with the creative builders are already turning to these materials
Llama, realpolitik new, more exciting form of lectures.
Fourth-grade students in California looked at the network lately
Newspapers, reported anything about the problems faced by people from
Asia. At Boston University have created an interactive program
the oldest, which detail and modulating such vividly chemical
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And for example, the average school of Christopher Columbus (Christopher
Columbus Middle School) in Yunion-siti (New Jersey), thanks to the application
the role of new information technology, was able to get out of severe dissatisfaction
Very. In the late eighties the average test scores in that school
these were low and the percentage of absenteeism among children and deductions - such
high, that her administration had decided to change. But the Department for Education
Education, teachers and parents (over 90% of which come from ispanoya-
zychnyh countries possessing little English) proposed a plan to save
this and similar schools, calculated at 5 years.
Bell Atlantic (local telephone company) has agreed to help them.
It has established a special network multimedia system with a staff
in their computers connecting the homes of students with school classes,
teachers and administration. Initially, the corporation has provided 140
multimedia PCs, allowing semiklassnikov equip homes, homes
their teachers, and to establish a minimum of four computers in the school ClassifCode
Regulations. Computers were equipped with network cards and connected to vysokosko-
rostnym lines related to the Internet. The Corporation has taken a further one and
well duty: to train teachers work on personal computers
Rah. Then teachers on weekends suitable courses for parents
(last appearance was more than 50%) and students are actively encouraged to use
e-mail and Internet.
After 2 years, parents have already helped their children with homework
PC and maintained close contact with the faculty and administration
school. The results have not slowed: The percentage of absenteeism and deductions
amounted to zero, as in the examination results of these students showed almost
at 3 times higher than the average for urban schools to New Jersey. And
then, the program distributed to all secondary schools in the state.
Raymond W. Smith (Raymond W. Smith), chairman of the Bell
Atlantic, praised both of those events: "I believe that readiness
the school system is about fundamental changes, including the teaching methods themselves,
an interested and active participation of parents and the wise introduction
the gain in the new technology ... currently led to the creation of teacher staff
a society in which the home and school complement and support each other. "
In high school Lester B. Pearson School (Canada), located in
the area, inhabited by many ethnic groups, computers are an integral
lemaya part of routine training. At 1200 schoolchildren IT
reads more than 300 personal computers, the use of more than
100 different programs. If the school administration believe they have the most
low interest deductions students-only 4% (the average for Canada, the
rate equals 30%). Every year at this school comes before 3500 people
to see firsthand how "new technologies are transforming all parties
firstly school life. "
When the information highway will come into operation, each will receive access
Toop of the treasures of millions of books. Viewers will be able to ask questions raised
pechatyvat text read it directly from the screen, or even listen, choose
paradise narration to your taste. The information highway will be his coaching
com, home teacher.
Computers with friendly interfaces to establish themselves within what
better information form to file to a user. Many
educational software will lay a number of different
the identities, and then student and the computer will be able to chat friend priyatelski
with a friend. The child will ask (perhaps aloud): "Why break
Civil War in America? "And the computer responds:" It was a battle for
a new economy, for human rights. "duration and depth of response
will depend on the specific circumstances and the level of training of the
Child. He can, at any time perebit computer, ask stories
then something more and something or try to present the material lying
mu. A computer will know how strong his "ward" that
he read or watched on the subject, and therefore the machine itself will make adjustments
you are in the form of filing materials. If the computer knows that he loves history
historical novels, war stories, folk-muzyku or sports, try to teachers
discharge information requested is in the "package". But the machine,
like a good teacher, would not regard a child with unilateral
interests. Instead, it will take advantage of his addiction to broaden
talk its horizons, carry along some new ideas.
The intensity of training will determine the natural abilities of students -
computers will work with each for as long as necessary. And, of course,
special attention will be riveted to children lagging behind in their studies. So
fol-lows, all students will receive individualized education plan.
Another advantage of computerized learning will be very
different attitudes to school exams. It's no secret that today they proved
categories for children severely tested, often causing panic horror:
"I provalil the subject again!", "I have not had time ..." or "I
this material is entirely forgotten. "Over time, many losers,
among them there are children simply slow or irregular, envelopes
gen hands, they no longer try to make the type that the exams - nonsense. In
finally developed negative attitudes towards learning in general.
Interactive Network allows students to examine themselves constantly
but in a calm atmosphere. Self akin to a self-something he
like those checks to Paul Allen and I am satisfied with each other.
The only way to change attitudes to exams. Error will not have
a punishment-on the contrary, it will cause the system to help the student vospol-
thread a gap in the subject. If someone comes in the final tourism
rush, asked to discuss the issue with the teacher. Systematic
ki controlling themselves, the student will feel the extent of its preparation
ki, and then the official exams stop navevat so much fear and
bring as many surprises.
Many firms producing educational software, and still
sobiya already providing interactive software products for the study
the foundations of linguistics, mathematics, economics, biology. For example, the company
Academic Systems of Palo Alto (CA) is working on interactive
E multimedia system for colleges, which helps in the study
basic courses of English and mathematics. The concept adopted
named "indirect instruction" (mediated learning), it combines less
traditional methods of computer-based learning pedagogy. Each student
dents begins with the trial exam to find out what topics he knows
but what is not. After that the system is a detailed plan for the occupation
this student. His success is constantly under review and, where development
he educational materials, personal plan lessons are appropriate
ing adjustments. In case of difficulty, the program tells them teaching
perceived, and then individually involved with a student. Now this
the program only "slip", but one thing has become clear: Students satisfied
new instructional materials, although those seeking maximum success
groups that paid the teacher more time. These results support
underline the fact that new technology is not by itself improve Education
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Some parents perceive computers in bayonets, in the belief that the machine
not to keep, what their child. They rejoice when decentralization
ity is not isolated, read the book fascinating, but are much less
the enthusiasm when they clock prosizhivayut the machine. Apparently, all case
here in video games. A child carrying out a long time for video games, small
lo as a student. So far, the major funds are to develop razvle-
katelnyh rather than educational software. After all, likes to create
lekatelnuyu much easier game than to introduce a child to the world of information
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Once in the city, and change the priority of family budgets spend -
in the production and purchase of interactive learning tools, necessarily
there will be thousands of new programmer firms, which will create together
interim teachers with fun interactive manuals. For example,
Lightspan Partnership in conjunction with Hollywood is already working on a network
lu cognitive programs, which will alternate with animation
these actors game. Lightspan hopes that their program built
based on by the advanced technology, will take the attention of young viewers
(from five to eleven years) and probudyat their interest in learning. Living
the characters accompany the child at all classes (for the basic explanation
concepts), and in all the games (in order to consolidate the material mileage). Lessons
grouped in cycles, which complement the elementary school courses
mathematics, reading and language. Programs produced by this firm will be
the homes are available (through interactive television), public
centers and schools. But until interactive television has not yet gained wide
wide dissemination of this type of software will propose
owners rely on personal computers or through CD-R OM-diskah
Internet.